34 C 
Air Canada plane hit by Delta jet at LAX
Highest 3, 5-year senior citizen interest rates
PepsiCo faces GLP-1 and Elliott pressure
MDR a small fee, will not have major impact on UPI volumes: RBI Governor Malhotra
As of now, we do not see any drop in volumes. And I dont personally think that a small fee will have a major impact on the volumes, RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra said
RBI still assessing revolving credit norms: Sanjay Malhotra
Reserve Bank of India governor Sanjay Malhotra has indicated that regulations on revolving credit by non-banking finance companies are under review. The RBI issued draft norms limiting NBFCs to term loans without revolving credit options. Malhotra said that systemic risks linked to these changes will be thoroughly evaluated before reaching a decision.
Individuals exempt from reporting under new FEMA trade rules, RBI says
Individuals undertaking personal transactions will not have to comply with new foreign exchange trade regulations imposed. The Reserve Bank of India aims to ease compliance burdens related to reporting obligations for personal contracts. RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra confirmed that routine payments for services and subscriptions are exempt from reporting. Additionally, smaller export transactions of up to 10 lakh may rely on self-declarations.
Brookfield enters India logistics realty market with Rs 4,300-cr ESR portfolio deal
Spread across more than 400 acres in six metro clusters, the portfolio comprises eight Grade A parks across major gateway cities including Mumbai, Pune, Delhi NCR, Chennai and Kolkata. The operating portfolio is 98% leased and caters to a diversified mix of key logistics and industrial occupiers.
Credit growth may ease after rate hike but remain strong: RBI
The Reserve Bank of India projects a moderation in bank credit growth from the current 19% level. This expected slowdown results from a recent repo rate increase implemented to manage rising inflation. Despite the decrease, it is anticipated that growth will remain strong enough to support overall economic activity. Lending to sectors like services and industry shows significant year-on-year growth, reflecting resilient demand.
Krasha to launch India-focused litigation finance platform
Krasha Financial Services plans to launch a litigation finance platform in India by Q4 FY2026-27. This platform will concentrate on commercial disputes, particularly high-value claims exceeding $10 million. Krasha aims to attract institutional capital by evaluating the merits and recovery potential of claims. The firm is also in discussions for a strategic partnership with a UK legal finance entity.
Aragen Life Sciences begins operations at high-potency platform in Hyderabad
Aragen Life Sciences has initiated operations at its new high-potency manufacturing platform in Hyderabad. The facility, measuring 15,000 square feet, can produce 500-600 kg of active pharmaceutical ingredients annually. It aims to streamline the transition of highly potent molecules from discovery to commercial supply. The company has invested over Rs 1,000 crore in capital expenditures over three years.
RBI Rate Hike, High Crude Prices Dent Sensex by 429 Points
Indian stock markets closed lower, with the Sensex falling 429 points, after the Reserve Bank of India raised its benchmark interest rate for the first time in nearly four years, coupled with rising crude oil prices and persistent foreign fund outflows.
After the Netflix adaptation of John Steinbeck's 'East of Eden,' sales have skyrocketed, seeing a 200% surge. This phenomenon isn't isolated, several other literary works have similarly benefited from screen adaptations. As adaptations hit the screen, the book and audiobook sales consistently thrive, revealing a strong correlation between visual storytelling and literary success.
Ben Afflecks career has taken a fascinating turn as he explores the world of artificial intelligence in the film industry. By founding InterPositive, he aims to equip filmmakers with innovative AI tools, ensuring artists remain in charge of their narratives. Netflixs acquisition of InterPositive for roughly $587 million illustrates the rise of technology in storytelling.
Bengaluru woman paying Rs 8,000 a month for a cook reveals what shes really spending the money on
As per a Bengaluru woman, hiring a cook can cost around Rs 7,000 to Rs 8,000 a month for two people. The cook typically prepares simple meals using a pressure cooker, which limits food variety. Despite the high costs, many find value in avoiding daily cooking and planning burdens. Reactions on social media suggest that residents appreciate such assistance, even if the food quality is average.
Landmark Group raises Rs 330 crore SBI finance for Gurugram project
Landmark Group has raised Rs 330 crore in construction finance from the State Bank of India. This funding is aimed at developing Landmark One, a Grade A+ commercial project in Gurugram. The development boasts spacious floor plates and extensive parking options. Private equity investments in Indian real estate have significantly increased, showing a 23% rise year on year.
Delhi building collapses in Seemapuri, rescue ops on
AI Security: Ericsson CEO Calls For Tech Alignment
Ericsson CEO Andres Vicente emphasised the critical need for technology alignment and ecosystem collaboration to ensure security in the age of Artificial Intelligence. Speaking on Wednesday, he highlighted that AI's benefits in productivity and innovation cannot be forgone, making shared security concerns across interconnected tech layers paramount. Ericsson is actively working with partners through the Trusted Tech Alliance to establish common AI-era security understandings.
Bank account nominee dies before the holder? Know what happens to the money
What happens if a bank account nominee dies before the account holder? Know the latest rules on simultaneous and successive nominations, how the deceased nominees share is treated, and what legal heirs may need to do to claim the money.
IndiGo to launch daily non-stop flights from Pune to Bhubaneswar starting October 25
IndiGo has announced the initiation of daily non-stop flights connecting Pune and Bhubaneswar from October 25, 2026. The new service aims to support various travel needs for professionals, students, and businesses in both cities. Flights will use Airbus A320 aircraft and feature convenient departure and arrival times. This route adds to the 15 destinations already served by IndiGo from Bhubaneswar.
Lowest home loan rates after RBI repo rate hike
Olivia Rodrigo showed her support for Jane Doe in the Cornell 7 case in an Instagram Story. Rodrigo said she stood with Doe and called for accountability from Cornell and other institutions. Megyn Kelly later criticized the singer on her YouTube show, telling her to stay out of the case and focus on her music instead.
FCNR inflows to keep cap on bank deposit rates
The liquidity from the foreign currency non-resident deposits is likely to stabilize bank deposit rates temporarily. This situation will allow banks to benefit from higher lending rates associated with floating rate loans. Despite the current surplus liquidity, analysts foresee a shift towards neutrality by the end of December. The Reserve Bank of India emphasizes the importance of proper usage of these deposits for economic stability.
MFs Log 5% AUM Growth in Q2 FY27 Despite Market Volatility
Indian mutual funds experienced a nearly 5 per cent growth in average quarterly assets under management (QAAUM) in the second quarter of FY27, reaching approximately ~87.2 trillion, despite significant equity market turbulence and corrections in largecap and some debt segments.
In the emotionally charged season 4 finale of Ted Lasso, titled Being Alive, which aired on October 7, the AFC Richmond community grapples with the loss of Mae Green, deeply affecting Ted and his family. As Ted weighs his future amidst an open managerial position, the dynamics within the club also shift with Rebecca and Zelda's newfound equal shares. The episode concludes with Ted's coaching decision shrouded in uncertainty.
WHO seeks more details from Russia about reasons for plague institute worker's death
The World Health Organization has sought further information from Russia regarding the death of a laboratory worker. Reports indicate that Darya Shipilova died from pneumonia, with health officials indicating no plague cases among contacts. International concern has escalated, prompting questions about the cause of her illness. Transparency is deemed essential for assessing potential public health risks related to this incident.
'We carry Africa in our hearts and will build partnership for generations to come': Jaishankar
India's External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar is visiting Ghana to strengthen bilateral relations and discuss strategic cooperation. He held talks with his Ghanaian counterpart regarding trade, investment, and multilateral cooperation. India plans to support Africa through technology, energy, and capacity building initiatives while enhancing their strategic autonomy. Jaishankar highlighted the importance of supply chain resilience and empowering the continent's youth.
AAP protests outside Delhi CEO office over SIR, seeks CEC Gyanesh Kumar's resignation
Scores of workers from AAP and other political parties protested for the resignation of Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar. The protesters criticized the deletion of millions of voters' names from the electoral rolls in Delhi. Saurabh Bharadwaj emphasized their protest is for constitutional rights, not personal rivalries. Planned protests are set for October 10 at Jantar Mantar regarding these electoral issues.
Dixon signs 60:40 JV pact with Gemtek
Famous for his outrageous comedy, witty personality, and magnetic television presence, Kapil Sharma became a household name with popular programmes including Comedy Nights With Kapil and The Kapil Sharma Show. He has additionally appeared in movies like Kis Kis Ko Pyaar Karu. A Siasat.com report estimates his fortune at Rs 300 crore, reflecting his luxurious lifestyle and impressive property portfolio, including homes in Mumbai and Punjab.
RBI may hike interest rate further in December policy: Experts
The Reserve Bank of India has shifted its policy stance to calibrated tightening amid rising inflation concerns. A rate hike of up to 50 basis points is anticipated in December, increasing the current benchmark rate. Various economists emphasize the likelihood of cumulative rate increases over the next months. Rising commodity prices and global market volatility are influencing these monetary policy decisions.
How Russia and the world are responding to possible case of pneumonic plague after lab worker dies
The World Health Organisation has confirmed that Russian authorities reported no cases of plague in Siberia. A laboratory worker at the Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute recently died from pneumonia. Investigations revealed she had a typical acute respiratory viral infection and not pneumonic plague. Russian officials have completed contact tracing and concluded that the epidemiological situation remains stable. US officials are advising Russia to share more information about the ongoing investigation.
An 80 year old retired ordnance factory manager, his wife and their house help were murdered at their Dehradun home on Tuesday after a plumber got into an argument over payment for repair work he had done. Accused allegedly stabbed all three with a screwdriver before fleeing with a gold chain, and was caught by neighbours soon after.
The Northern Lights forecast looks promising, but seeing the Aurora Borealis is never guaranteed. Much depends on the magnetic orientation of the incoming cloud. It could lead to a sky filled with glowing curtains of light. Or the display could turn out to be much weaker than expected.
10 must watch moments from PM Modis one-hour speech on 25 years of political journey
Meta's new personal AI assistant Muse now seamlessly operates through WhatsApp and Instagram. Users can easily delegate a variety of tasks to Muse, which works diligently in the background. From monitoring flight prices and curating grocery lists based on selected recipes to handling online purchases, this assistant prioritises user privacy while implementing robust security features.
Petrol margins turn positive as OMC fuel marketing losses ease in Q2FY27: Report
Fuel marketing losses of state-run oil marketing companies (OMCs) narrowed sharply in the September quarter, helped by lower crude oil prices and the full impact of retail fuel price hikes, according to Emkay Research.
Indias green economy could support 1.3 crore jobs by 2035: iFOREST
Oat cookies, sambar rice on menu as MCD schools revamp mid-day meals
New Delhi's Municipal Corporation is set to enhance mid-day meals for children in its schools. Starting in November, new vendors will introduce diverse and appealing meal options like oat cookies and fruit. The menu will retain popular dishes, with additional variations to encourage healthier eating habits. Nutritional standards, requiring specific calorie and protein intake, will be maintained by regulated food checks.
BJP MP wants max EDLI cover to be 10.50 lkh
CM Vijay: Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Joseph Vijay inspected Aavin's Madhavaram dairy complex in Chennai and inaugurated a new Rs 2.23 crore laboratory annex building, at a time when residents are reporting shortages of Aavin milk at retail outlets across the city. The visit comes weeks after the state hiked milk procurement price twice in August, taking it from Rs 38 to Rs 44 a litre.
RBI has done what it can with interest rates, but heavy lifting on inflation will fall on government
The RBIs Monetary Policy Committees decision to hike interest rates seems aimed more at controlling expectations of future inflation levels than at bringing down inflation itself. That is a job for the government
Bhutan PM calls PM Modi Avatar of Vishnu
Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav addressed COP31 priorities during the Pre-COP31 meetings in Fiji. He highlighted the need for bridging knowledge gaps and fulfilling climate obligations effectively before upcoming conferences. Yadav conducted bilateral talks with UN officials, focusing on significant climate priorities such as adaptation and climate finance.
CBSE Class 10 and Class 12 board exam date sheet 2027 is expected to be released soon. Students can use the previous examination schedule and CBSEs 2026-27 sample papers to begin preparation while waiting for the final timetable. The 2027 board exams are expected to be held in February and March, with students advised to check dates, timings and instructions carefully once the schedule is released.
A new rate game begins. Whats inside the RBIs new playbook?
RBI rate hike in October monetary policy marks a sharp shift to calibrated tightening, raising the repo rate to 5.5%. RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra is prioritising inflation risks as crude oil, food prices and inflation expectations rise. Strong FY27 GDP growth at 7.1%, rapid credit growth and tighter liquidity give RBI room to act before supply shocks spread across markets.
Lost your credit card? 5 steps you should take immediately to avoid fraud
Lost your credit card? Acting quickly can help limit the risk of unauthorised transactions and fraud. Block the card, disable contactless payments, check recent transactions, secure digital wallets, report suspicious activity and request a replacement card.
India's battery energy storage system market is expected to reach 236.22 GWh by FY2031-32. The country will require Rs 3.49 trillion in investments for this growth. Significant advancements in BESS deployment were noted between early and mid-2026. The government is providing extensive support through various initiatives and schemes. These measures aim to enhance project viability and stimulate private-sector participation in the energy storage sector.
RBIs 25 bps repo rate hike could reshape returns across debt, equity, FDs and gold. Experts explain which asset classes may benefit, where investors could face pressure and how to position portfolios as the rate cycle turns.
Drishyam: The Conclusion has been successfully grabbing audiences' attention at the box office since its release on October 2. It has reached impressive milestones in both domestic and international collections. Read on to know when and where to watch the movie online after its theatrical run ends.
Google Cloud India MD Sashikumar Sreedharan Resigns
Google Cloud India's Managing Director, Sashikumar Sreedharan, has resigned to pursue a new opportunity. Amit Kumar, previously MD for Digital Natives, has been appointed as the interim head of India operations. The transition was announced by Karan Bajwa, President of Google Cloud Asia Pacific, who highlighted the company's strong momentum in India.
Chloe Kim's quote captures her changing outlook on success, noting the pressures that arise from control. She highlighted the importance of personal freedom and nurturing relationships. Following her ADHD diagnosis, Kim discovered newfound clarity that transformed her life. As a two-time Olympic gold medalist and a prominent figure in snowboarding, her story signifies a transition from sheer competition to embracing well-being and self-acceptance.
RBI to ensure rupee stability, correct valuation: Governor
Reserve Bank of India Governor Sanjay Malhotra has stated that the rupee may be 'undervalued' by many estimates and assured that the RBI will work to ensure its stability and help it find its 'correct value' amidst recent depreciation.
Ahmedabad: Bomb threat to 10 schools turn out hoax
Apple home hub expected with LG partnership: Report
How a Shadow Economy in Asia Is Keeping Iranian Oil Flowing
Companies continue to service a
Bajaj Finance raises FD rates; offers up to 7.75%
SC to Rajpal Yadav: Make a hit film, rebuild image
Small fee unlikely to impact UPI transaction volumes: RBI Governor on MDR
RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra said a small MDR on select UPI payments is unlikely to materially affect transaction volumes as the new charge takes effect from October 15
Ship captains being offered $100,000 to cross Hormuz
Spotify to bring audiobooks to India in November
Rubber Board to launch digital platform to connect planters, tappers
The platform to be operational soon would connect tappers with plantation owners who requires tappers
In an inspiring development, Karl Deisseroth was honored with the 2026 Nobel Prize in physiology for his groundbreaking advancements in optogenetics, which allow for light-controlled nerve cell manipulation. A heartfelt video captured his colleagues at Stanford University enthusiastically congratulating him right after the announcement. Another clip shows his touching celebration with his family; his daughters delightedly reacted, while his son Hudson added to the jubilant atmosphere.
Be a gharjamai: Is asking this cruelty by wife?
Ericsson to export India-made antennas to Europe; India has competitive edge for 6G: Executive
Ericsson will export antennas manufactured in India to Europe, as the countrys rapid 5G rollout gives it an edge in moving towards 6G, senior executive Andres Vicente said. India has 430 million 5G subscriptions, with 95% mid-band 5G population coverage.
RBI has clarified reporting rules under the new FEMA trade regulations effective 1 October. Individuals are not required to report personal imports or exports, while small exporters with bills up to 10 lakh can use self-declaration and an invoice.
Repo rate hike may raise costs, but real estate demand to stay resilient
Real estate companies in West Bengal on Wednesday said the RBI's 25-basis point repo rate hike could increase borrowing costs for homebuyers and developers, but maintained that the rise is unlikely to impact demand in the long term. The Reserve Bank of India raised its benchmark interest rate by 25 basis points to 5.50 per cent on Wednesday, its first increase in nearly four years. The RBI has increased the repo rate after three years As a result, interest rates of banks and financial institutions on housing and construction loans will increase. This will have some adverse impact on real estate, CREDAI West Bengal president Sushil Mohta said. Primarc Projects MD Siddharth Pansari said the hike may make home loans marginally more expensive, but is unlikely to have a major impact on genuine homebuyers. In Kolkata, people are buying homes with a long-term view, and their decisions are increasingly driven by the right location, better quality and the lifestyle a home offers. There m
RBI rate hike to test housing affordability, premium segment seen more resilient
The Reserve Bank of India recently raised the repo rate by 25 basis points to curb inflation. This increase is expected to raise borrowing costs for banks, affecting interest rates on home loans. First-time and price-sensitive homebuyers in the affordable housing sector may feel the impact more significantly. Market experts anticipate that strong demand fundamentals will mitigate some negative effects. The overall housing market remains robust, especially in higher-priced segments.
MDR a small fee, will not have major impact on UPI volumes: RBI Guv Malhotra
Sanjay Malhotra, the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, commented on the impact of MDR fees on UPI transactions. He expressed confidence that transaction volumes will remain stable despite the new fee structure. Additionally, Malhotra discussed strong credit growth and its positive effects on economic activity. He reassured that the adverse effects on asset quality in non-bank lenders are not expected.
Ambani's Reliance drives Indias Venezuela oil imports to seven-year high
India is expecting to significantly increase its imports of Venezuelan oil this month due to appealing discounts. Venezuelan crude deliveries may exceed 465,000 barrels a day, marking the highest levels since December 2019. Reliance Industries is particularly benefiting from these low-cost supplies as Russian shipments decline amidst rising costs. While Venezuelan oil is more affordable, it presents processing challenges for some refineries.
RBI raises FY27 GDP growth forecast to 7.1%
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has increased its GDP growth forecast for the current fiscal year (FY27) by 40 basis points to 7.1 per cent, acknowledging the resilience of domestic economic activity despite global headwinds and geopolitical tensions.
Planning an adventure holiday? Check if you have the right travel insurance
Adventure sports such as diving, trekking and rafting may not be covered by standard travel insurance. Heres what Indian travellers should check before buying a policy.
After an adventurous trip to Alaska, Julie Caples and her husband decided to leave Texas behind and start anew in Fairbanks. They embraced their new life, exploring the breathtaking northern lights and sharing their journey online. Julie highlights the significance of mental wellness during Alaska's long winters. Now, as they prepare to welcome their first child, they find joy and belonging in their chilly yet beautiful surroundings.
India's FX reserves fall for fourth week, down $50 billion from September peak
India's foreign exchange reserves have fallen for the fourth consecutive week to $734.6 billion. This decline follows a recent peak of $785.71 billion on September 4. The Reserve Bank of India has intervened in the market to support the rupee's value amid rising pressures. Elevated oil prices, increasing US Treasury yields, and foreign equity outflows are contributing to the rupee's depreciation. On Wednesday, the rupee declined nearly 0.
RBI rate hike to pressure affordable housing, commercial real estate likely unaffected
Higher borrowing costs could make homebuyers more selective, while resilient economic activity may support broader real estate demand in coming months
Air India, Singapore Airlines expand commercial cooperation
The expansion is part of the initiatives under the Commercial Cooperation Framework Agreement inked in January this year
Aeris ICNG: Tata's New Sedan Challenger With Twin-Cylinder Tech
The Tata Aeris iCNG, evolving from the Tigor, offers a modernized exterior and a feature-rich interior. It boasts innovative twin-cylinder CNG technology for maximum boot space, premium comfort features like ventilated seats and a 360-degree camera, and a smooth driving performance. Priced competitively, it aims to challenge rivals in the segment while offering enhanced practicality.
High liquidity no concern for NBFC asset quality, says RBI Governor
RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra said the central bank sees no asset-quality concerns for NBFCs despite high liquidity, while bank credit growth is expected to remain strong
Dheepesh Bhatt, famously known as Frankie Ramdayal from the film Kal Ho Naa Ho, has made an inspiring transition to fitness coaching. His work includes training major stars like Aamir Khan and Ranbir Kapoor for their physical transformations. Read on to know more about his journey.
RBI repo rate hiked to 5.5%, Home, car and personal loans may get costlier
The RBI's 25-basis-point repo rate hike to 5.50% is expected to pressure consumer sentiment and housing demand. Experts say higher home-loan costs could make buyers more selective, delay decisions and impact affordable housing, while commercial real estate may remain resilient.
M'rashtras next business champions at ET Summit
Starlink builds 20 gateway sites in India, says user data will stay in country
Starlink has constructed 20 gateway sites across India to develop its satellite communication services. The company designed its operations with specific security controls to comply with Indian regulations. Starlink's investment aims to provide high-speed connectivity in areas lacking reliable telecom infrastructure. SpaceX's broader expansion plan includes advancements in satellite connectivity, focusing on artificial intelligence and computing capabilities.
Hical-Safran MoU: A Leap For Rafale's India Production
Hical Technologies and Safran Aerosystems have signed a Memorandum of Understanding to explore a joint venture for manufacturing complex systems, including fluid and fuel systems, for the Dassault Rafale program in India. This partnership aims to bolster the Make in India initiative, leveraging Hical's expanding manufacturing capabilities and Safran's technology leadership to produce critical aerospace components domestically and for global markets.
Eva Marie Saint is no more. The diva, who once worked with Hollywoods iconic leading men such as Marlon Brando, Cary Grant, Paul Newman, Henry Fonda, Gregory Peck, etc., had one of the longest-lasting marriages in showbiz. She married producer Jeffrey Hayden in 1951, and the marriage lasted till his death more than six decades later.
US spice traders seek tariff exemptions for Indian spices under potential trade deal
American spice traders are optimistic about maintaining tariff exemptions for Indian spices to manage prices for consumers. The United States imports around USD 700 million in spices from India each year, indicating substantial market demand. The American Spice Trade Association is working with the Indian Embassy to strengthen trade ties. Growth in spice exports from India to the United States is expected to continue in future years.
Isprava Group appoints former Chalet Hotels chief Sanjay Sethi as strategic advisor
Isprava Group has appointed Sanjay Sethi as Strategic Advisor for its hospitality and luxury home divisions. This decision aims to strengthen the groups operations across hospitality and private membership. Sethi brings extensive experience in hospitality operations and strategic growth to reinforce business development. The groups integrated ecosystem includes luxury homes, Lohono Stays, and Isprava Hospitality. This appointment reflects Ispravas commitment to enhancing its service offerings and maintaining brand integrity.
Why Rate cuts off the table? Repo rate raised after 4 yrs as RBI Governor flags global churn
Why Rate cuts off the table? Repo rate raised after 4 yrs as RBI Governor flags global churn
UPI MDR from 15 October: RBI Governor says small fee unlikely to hit transaction volumes
UPI MDR takes effect from 15 October for select merchant transactions above 2,000. RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra said he does not expect the small fee to have a major impact on UPI volumes, while consumers will not be charged.
NHC Foods' arm Conquer Enterprises to acquire Singapore's DNR Ventures
NHC Foods Limited has announced that its foreign subsidiary, Conquer Enterprises, will acquire a significant 75 percent equity in DNR Ventures for approximately USD 5.5 million. This strategic move is designed to secure a controlling interest for NHC Foods, although it remains subject to thorough due diligence and essential regulatory clearances.
Agentic AI in financial services: How banks are rethinking lending, risk and decision-making
From loan processing and credit assessment to fraud detection and regulatory compliance, agentic AI is changing how financial institutions make decisions. The next challenge for banks and fintechs is to scale these capabilities while maintaining accountability, customer trust and control.
What happens when AI starts fighting cyber threats on its own? Here's how agentic security works
Artificial intelligence is evolving from assisting cybersecurity to taking on more responsibilities autonomously and efficiently. This shift, termed agentic security, enables AI to identify and investigate threats without waiting for human input. AI agents like Infopercept's Regiment AI can streamline workflows by connecting existing security technologies rather than requiring complete system replacements. While analysts may take on more complex tasks, managing AI will become a critical responsibility.
