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Should spouses buy separate term insurance plans? Experts explain how couples can assess income, household contributions, liabilities, dependants and future goals to determine suitable life insurance cover and avoid financial protection gaps for their families.
Indias natural farming transition may begin in its waterbodies
Bundelkhand farmers are teaching us an important lesson: water security and sustainable agriculture should not be designed in separate silos
Celebrate this Onam season with an exciting mix of new and classic Malayalam movies perfect for family viewing. From Prithviraj Sukumaran's Classmates to Mohanlal's psychological horror Manichitrathazhu, here's a list of top seven Malayalam movies to watch on OTT. Read on!
How a mutual funds AUM impacts returns: Should investors worry when it grows too large?
A large-cap fund may be able to handle a large AUM. But, for a mid- or small-cap fund, a large AUM can lead to higher diversification or higher cash levels, which can impact the schemes returns.
Passive investing gains ground: Whats driving the shift to index funds and ETFs?
Passive funds generally have lower expense ratios because the fund manager is not actively selecting stocks. Over a long investment period, even a small difference in annual cost can make a meaningful difference to the final corpus.
US Chief Justice John Roberts has temporarily allowed construction of President Donald Trumps $400 million White House ballroom to continue while the Supreme Court considers the administrations emergency appeal. Lower courts had sought to halt aboveground construction over the lack of congressional approval.
Natalie Harp leak: Laura Loomer fiercely defended Donald Trump aide Natalie Harp against media scrutiny. She accused unnamed staffers of leaking private information and photographs to damage Harp. Newly published images show Harp running after Trump's golf cart at Turnberry. Loomer stated Trump appreciates Harp's dedication and work ethic. She warned those leaking stories that Harp is not leaving Trump's side.
The RBI has released the SGB premature redemption calendar for October 2026 to March 2027, covering 32 eligible tranches. Investors should check their SGB series and submit redemption requests within the specified window to exit before maturity.
Income tax department has urged taxpayers to file their ITR before the August 31 deadline. Here's who should file by that due date and which return form is meant for you.
Chhattisgarh steps up geospatial, logistics planning with two PM GatiShakti pacts
Chhattisgarh signed pacts with BISAG-N and NLDSL to enhance geospatial technology use. These agreements aim to foster sustainable economic growth and attract new investments. The state has onboarded over 35 departments onto the PM GatiShakti platform. GIS-based identification of road black spots improves road safety interventions. Chhattisgarh is recognized as a high performer in operationalizing PM GatiShakti.
From roads to toilets, student protests spotlight gaps in Indias schools
Students are protesting for basic school improvements like teachers and safe roads. Government data reveals significant infrastructure and staffing disparities across states. Many schools lack adequate toilets and internet access, impacting learning environments. Teacher deployment shows imbalances with many students in single-teacher classrooms. These issues translate into immediate barriers for children attending school.
Neeraj Chopra missed out on Lausanne Diamond League gold by just nine centimetres after Sri Lanka's Rumesh Tharanga Pathirage threw 88.14m to beat his 88.05m effort. The defeat was Chopra's third against Pathirage this season, but the silver medal gives him valuable points in the Diamond League Final qualification race.
NBFC growth outlook remains resilient; margin pressures, asset quality key monitorables: Report
Non-banking financial companies anticipate steady growth in the near future. Credit demand remains healthy, and asset quality is expected to stay stable. Vehicle financiers saw accelerated asset under management growth this quarter. Gold financiers experienced moderated growth after new guidelines were implemented. Power financiers continue to show the weakest performance in the sector.
Trump to star as motor race takes to streets of US capital
President Donald Trump will lead a ceremonial lap at an upcoming IndyCar race. This event is part of Washington's 250th anniversary festivities this weekend. The Freedom 250 Grand Prix will feature racing cars on city streets. Organizers are managing the significant logistical challenges for this unique race. Spectators will pass through metal detectors for security during the event.
Landowner faced 3.41 crore tax on a 6.82 crore sale he never made; ITAT Ahmedabad deletes addition
An Ahmedabad landowner faced a 3.41 crore tax addition after his co-owned land was allegedly sold for 6.82 crore using forged signatures and a fake power of attorney.
Coventrys long-awaited Premier League return ends in 3-0 loss to Arsenal
Coventry City faced a tough Premier League return against champions Arsenal. Kai Havertz and Bukayo Saka scored early goals for the dominant Arsenal side. Despite the defeat, Coventry's manager expressed belief in future improvement. The team aims for survival after a challenging opening fixture. Their next home game will offer a clearer picture of their prospects.
19-year-old nursing student found dead in Delhi hostel room
A 19-year-old nursing student was discovered deceased in her Delhi hostel room on Friday. Preliminary inquiries suggest the student, from Najafgarh, died by suicide in her accommodation. Police and the crime team reached the scene and initiated necessary actions for investigation. Sir Ganga Ram Hospital expressed shock and is cooperating fully with the ongoing inquiry. The exact circumstances surrounding the student's death are still being examined by authorities.
Delhi NCR Rains Weather Forecast: IMD has forecast heavy rain and thunderstorms across Delhi, Noida, Gurgaon and Ghaziabad, alongside 20 states including Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, J&K and Uttarakhand. Lightning and gusty winds are also likely in several regions. Rainfall activity is expected to remain active nationwide through August 27, with Odisha seeing fresh heavy rain from Monday.
Starc tears through Bangladesh with five wickets in four-over blitz
Mitchell Starc took five wickets in his first four overs. He removed both Bangladesh openers and captain Shanto for ducks. Shadman Islam was out on the first ball of the match. Mominul Haque and Litton Das also fell to Starc. Australia captain Pat Cummins won the toss and elected to field.
Actor Arjun Rampal and Gabriella Demetriades have officially tied the knot in Goa. This big occasion comes after years of love and partnership, during which they welcomed two children. Read on to know more about Gabriella and thier relationship.
Rain brings relief to Delhi as monsoon intensifies across north India
Rain lashed Delhi early Saturday, offering relief from hot and humid weather conditions. Monsoon showers also affected Haryana's Jhajjar district, with light rain expected until August 24. Heavy rainfall was reported in Himachal Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Odisha, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh. Continuous rains in Uttarakhand's Garhwal division disrupted normal life and raised river water levels. Himachal Pradesh experienced widespread road and power disruptions due to persistent heavy rainfall.
Pentagon fires Stars and Stripes editor after he defends editorial independence
The Pentagon dismissed the editor-in-chief and a reporter from Stars and Stripes for insubordination. These actions followed public statements defending the news outlet's editorial independence. The newspaper's publisher also announced his impending retirement and was subsequently dismissed. This move escalates tensions between the administration and the news media. The Pentagon aims to reshape Stars and Stripes content for service members.
UIDAI has completed over 2 crore Aadhaar biometric updates for school children under a nationwide drive. With the process currently free for eligible children, parents should know when the update is required, why it matters and how to complete it before the deadline.
Trump calls Strait of Hormuz American territory, warns Iran over nuclear arms
President Trump stated Iran must not obtain nuclear weapons. He also declared the Strait of Hormuz as American territory. Iran rejected these claims, promising to correct the delusions. Tensions remain high over the strategic waterway and its global energy supplies. Both nations continue asserting control and issuing warnings.
Anne Hathaway has debuted an eye-catching pixie cut for her latest Vogue China photoshoot. This bold hairstyle adds a punk flair to her fashion editorial. All summer, Hathaway has been hard at work promoting her various exciting projects. Additionally, she revealed her pregnancy with her third child back in June. This fresh cropped style also echoes a previous look she sported in 2012.
US, Iran trade threats as Washington readies toughest sanctions
The United States is set to announce stringent economic sanctions against Iran. These measures could significantly impact Iran and its key trading partners like China. Oil shipments through the Strait of Hormuz have nearly ceased due to Iranian threats. Iran criticizes the impending sanctions as an overreach of American authority. Both nations are exchanging defiant messages without pursuing immediate peace talks.
TikTok reaches $400 million settlement with US Justice Department over children's privacy
TikTok has agreed to a $400 million settlement with the US Department of Justice. This resolution addresses allegations of violating federal children's privacy laws. The company will pay $300 million immediately and $100 million later. This action follows a 2024 lawsuit concerning data collection practices. The settlement aims to protect children's online privacy and data security.
Trumps claim of 24,000 illegal 2020 voters unsupported by Census report
A recent Census Bureau report claimed thousands of noncitizens voted in the 2020 election. Experts, however, state the report's methodology is flawed and may create false positives. They noted the analysis lacks transparency and crucial details about error rates. This report's findings would not have altered the 2020 election outcome. Donald Trump continues to challenge the 2020 election results based on this report.
Uttar Pradesh holds dairy conclaves to boost rural economy, womens empowerment
Dhanalakshmi K., Dairy Commissioner of Uttar Pradesh, said that members of milk unions, milk-producing farmers, and self-help groups are encouraged to take help from welfare measures.
Donald Trump demands UN overhaul, US plans $850 million payment
The US government plans to pay $850 million to the United Nations. This payment includes regular budget dues and peacekeeping operations contributions. The United States owes billions in dues to the international organization. Republicans expressed concerns about the payment and UN reforms. The administration previously withdrew from several UN agencies.
'Will bring tremendous income...': Trump says he's all for data centers, despite Republican concerns
Tesla, eight other automakers recall record 4.3 million vehicles in China
Tesla and eight automakers are recalling 4.3 million vehicles in China. This recall addresses concerns about doors being difficult to open in emergencies. The remedies include software updates and improved warning labels for door handles. This action marks China's largest automotive recall to date. Regulators are increasing scrutiny of safety defects in the electric vehicle industry.
Bethlehem Kudumba Unit opened positively at the box office on its release day. The film collected Rs 4.70 crore net in India on Friday. Occupancy rates showed a major increase throughout the day. Kerala contributed the majority of the film's opening day gross earnings. The movie's performance over the weekend will be closely watched.
Germanys Drought Crisis Is Now Hitting Its Economy, Raising Costs And Inflation Risk
Germanys drought is no longer just an environmental crisis it is becoming an economic problem. Record-low water levels on major rivers, including the Rhine, are disrupting the transport of goods and forcing vessels to carry less cargo, pushing up logistics costs and delaying deliveries. The Bundesbank warns that this could weigh on industrial production, exports and Germanys already fragile economic recovery in the third quarter.The drought is also hitting agriculture, with concerns over lower harvests of crops such as rapeseed and sugar beet potentially tightening domestic supplies and raising the need for imports. Food prices in Germany have already risen sharply since 2020, adding to pressure on households.With energy costs still high, the labour market weakening and inflation potentially rising further, Germany faces another challenge just as its economy was beginning to recover. The bigger question now is whether prolonged drought and extreme weather could become a recurring threat to Europes largest economy.#Germany #GermanEconomy #Drought #ClimateCrisis #Inflation #FoodPrices #Bundesbank #EuropeanEconomy #RhineRiver #Economy #GermanyNews #ClimateChange
Archaeological discoveries across North America have unveiled ancient bone fragments that are believed to be dice, dating back more than 12,000 years. This evidence shifts the focus away from European origins of gaming, with researchers cataloguing over 600 potential dice from various sites. These artefacts suggest that early games encouraged social bonding and resource sharing, reflecting a deep-rooted human interest in the unpredictability of outcomes.
Hardeep Puri hails Assam Hydrocarbon Policy as landmark initiative; policy comes into force
Welcoming the policy, Puri said the initiative would put the Northeast on the path of fast-paced development while helping unlock Assams untapped hydrocarbon potential.
Sabyasachi to enter fragrances, footwear and small leather goods categories
Sabyasachi Mukherjees luxury brand is planning to enter fragrances, footwear and small leather goods, while expanding eyewear as part of its strategy to become a global luxury lifestyle brand.
Banks ride RBI swap wave to raise $12 billion via overseas debt
This week was the busiest for forex debt issuance by Indian lenders. ICICI Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, IDFC First Bank, HDFC Bank and Bank of Baroda together raised a massive $4.4 billion, and the bulk of the proceeds may be used to help fund the leverage for foreign currency non-resident (bank) [FCNR (B)] deposits.
Samsung to reclaim top position in smartphone market this year: Counterpoint Research
Samsung is expected to reclaim the top spot in the global smartphone market in 2026, even as a worsening memory-chip shortage drives up component costs and hits overall phone shipments, according to Counterpoint Research.
Tata Motors Passenger Vehicles to cost up to 25,000 more from September 1
Tata Motors Passenger Vehicles will raise vehicle prices by up to 25,000 from September 1 across its portfolio, including petrol, diesel and electric models, to partly offset higher input costs and inflation.
TV ad volumes drop again in January-July amid big digital shift
Television advertising volumes fell 7% in January-July 2026 from a year earlier, extending the decline in TV advertising as brands increasingly shift budgets towards digital platforms, according to TAM AdEx. The decline follows a 9% fall in TV ad volumes during the same period in 2025. Linear TV ad revenue had also dropped 10.3% in 2025, according to a Ficci-EY report.
Gold prices staged a sharp recovery in India on Friday, while silver also surged as investors moved towards precious metals amid a weaker US dollar. According to the Bullions website, gold was priced at Rs 1,59,870 per 10 grams and silver at Rs 2,44,410 per kg.
LG Electronics India bets on exports, B2B products for margin boost
LG Electronics India is looking to exports and B2B products as key growth drivers as its Korean parent aims to make India a global manufacturing hub. The company expects these businesses to help improve margins amid pressure from higher raw material costs, rupee depreciation and geopolitical risks.
A frustrated tech professional recently took to Reddit to reveal how he decided to stop leading his team, as he was denied the promotion he was promised not due to him being poor at his job he went the extra mile, mentoring juniors and building the team, but because he worked remotely.
Social hesitations might actually reveal a complex cognitive engagement behind them. By observing their environment before speaking, individuals can gather essential insights and think critically. Practicing conversations in advance equips them to handle various responses. A strong preference for meaningful dialogue could render superficial chit-chat tiring. Such behaviors are often indicative of a reflective mindset, rather than indicating lack of social adeptness.
Bihar aims to quadruple economy in four years: CM
India's Forex Reserves Rise $9.9 Billion To $716.9 Billion
India's forex reserves rose $9.9 billion to $716.9 billion for the week ended August 14, boosted by higher foreign currency assets and gold reserves.
For self-employed individuals in India, handling tax compliance and maintaining financial records can be complicated. Presumptive taxation offers a simpler alternative for eligible small businesses and professionals.
Amfi announces initiatives to deepen mutual fund penetration
Amfi will conduct workshops and awareness programmes targeting women, first-time investors and underserved communities, while training 10,000 mutual fund distributors
Can your 4.5 crore corpus generate 4 lakh a month? Decoding the retirement math
Investing the corpus in a mutual fund and setting up a systematic withdrawal plan (SWP) reduces the tax burden and creates a steady income.
Hollywood OTT releases this week: From Lanterns to Toy Story 5, 8 new releases you cant miss
This week's streaming lineup is packed with thrilling options for every kind of viewer. Enjoy a unique superhero detective journey in Lanterns, while Toy Story 5 examines the intersection of technology and childhood play. For those craving deeper narratives, Stolen Girl and Is God Is offer compellingly dark tales. Additionally, the documentary Freefall dives into Boeing's safety culture, while Atlas King and I Swear deliver action and poignant biographical storytelling.
India buys its most expensive LNG in years as war upends market
Indian energy companies are paying more than $23 per mmbtu for September LNG cargoes, among the highest prices for imports since 2022, as the Iran war disrupts global supplies. GAIL India and Gujarat State Petroleum Corp. have bought cargoes at these levels, while Bharat Petroleum has also purchased LNG from the spot market.
A Haryana man, whose declared income was 1.79 lakh, faces an income addition of 11.22 crore. A tax tribunal offers a final chance to contest this by planting 500 trees or paying the cost within a month.
RBI aims to absorb 2.5 trillion via seven-day VRRR auction on Monday
The banking system had a liquidity surplus of Rs 3.5 trillion on Thursday, while banks parked Rs 95,970 crore in the three-day VRRR auction on Friday
SBI acquires commercial property in Punes Kharadi for Rs 414 crore
The State Bank of India has finalised the acquisition of a commercial property in Pune for Rs 414 crore. This deal covers both land leasehold rights and a commercial structure situated in Kharadi, a bustling business district.
Haldiram, MCL lead as Odisha clears 14 projects worth 2,780 crore
Odisha has approved 14 projects across 10 districts, spanning food processing, textiles, chemicals, electronics and steel, with potential to create 14,104 jobs
The Khasi and Jaintia tribes of Meghalaya have mastered the art of growing living root bridges using fig trees. These incredible engineering marvels, nurtured over decades, become stronger as their roots entwine across rivers and steep gorges. This remarkable tradition highlights indigenous ingenuity and eco-friendly construction, with the living root bridges of Meghalaya now recognized on a global scale with provisional UNESCO status.
PNGRB authorises about 1,800 km LPG pipeline infra with 7,000 crore capital investment
Cumulatively, the pipelines are expected to increase the countrys LPG pipeline network by about 24%
Shriram Wealth plans to expand into Rs 10 lakh-Rs 2 crore client segment: CEO Vikas Satija
Shriram Wealth aims to target new clients with investable assets from ten lakh rupees. The company will utilize the Shriram Group's extensive branch network for expansion. Artificial intelligence-based solutions are planned for introduction within the next six months. This move follows a joint venture with South African firm Sanlam in June 2025. Shriram Wealth also plans to establish fifty centers across India.
RBI imposes penalty on Progfin, Shri Ram Finance Corporation for non-compliance
The Reserve Bank of India recently levied fines on two financial firms for regulatory failures. Shri Ram Finance Corporation was penalized Rs 8.10 lakh due to management transitions and a lack of proper risk classification for clients. Meanwhile, Progfin incurred a Rs 2.70 lakh fine for failing to conduct timely risk reviews. Both penalties highlight the significance of compliance with established regulations.
CabSec seeks programmes in colleges to build an advanced Indian economy
Sources said the directions have also been issued to prepare a model for increasing employability and upskilling opportunities for ITI students and rejigging the method of granting them degrees
We are living in a culture which supports challenging the status quo and questioning authority. An old Sicilian proverb advises that, contrary to popular beliefs, it is not always advisable to challenge authority and take the law into our own hands. Sometimes, all that accomplishes is a needless conflict and disruptions.
New indigenously designed mobile phones with Indian IP rights will launch in 10-14 months. The government will strictly screen brands, preventing copycats from benefiting. Companies must prove ownership of design intellectual property rights for scheme eligibility. The Mobile Phone Manufacturing Scheme aims to boost domestic brands and production. This initiative seeks to establish technological sovereignty and capture greater economic value.
Linda Ronstadt made waves in 1975 with her captivating cover of 'Love Is a Rose,' a song initially recorded by Neil Young for an unreleased project. Her country-infused style resonated greatly, leading to substantial commercial success. This partnership marked another chapter in their long-standing musical relationship, showcasing how a forgotten melody can become an unexpected chart-topping favorite.
Flickering lights at home? Heres what that blinking bulb could be trying to tell you
Lights that flicker might indicate underlying electrical issues, yet they don't all necessitate urgent professional help. Often, a quick fixsuch as tightening light bulbscan remedy these nuisances. If you notice persistent dimming from several fixtures, it may suggest an overload or a fault in the main panel. Tackling these early warning signs safeguards your household's electrical safety and functionality.
Bihar aims to quadruple economy in four years, says Chief Minister Samrat Chaudhary
The News Mill
Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Friday said India had moved from the Licence Raj-era Production Linked Punishment model to incentivising production through the PLI scheme, which he said has generated 2.5 lakh crore in investment, 22 lakh crore in production and sales, 15 lakh crore in exports and over 14 lakh jobs.
Limelight can be heady but also frightening, as it is very difficult for public figures to maintain privacy. Years ago, actor Warren Beatty explained in an interview that it is very important to set a boundary between your public and private life and maintain discretion. He explained how not everything worthwhile has to be shared with the public.
PFRDA chief puts Indias retirement-income replacement rate at 3540% versus 60% global level
Ramann says Indians need to invest more for retirement as PFRDA targets 30 crore people via NPS,APY over the next four to five years
Axis Bank will revise several credit card rules from August 28, including higher DCC charges, a new late fee slab, changes to payment settlement and restrictions on reward points.
India govt offers broken rice at 2,100/quintal under OMSS policy for July-Sept quarter
Decision follows Dynamic Reserve Price Committee meeting
De Havilland Canada sees strong traction for Indias seaplane ecosystem
Measured but optimistic outlook comes after India clears import of 20-year-old seaplanes
He earned Rs 25 LPA in Mumbai but quit his job for 1 reason. There are only two people in my life
In a heartfelt move, a successful man with a Rs 25 LPA salary in Mumbai stepped away from his high-profile job to prioritise his family as his parents grew older. This transformative decision reflects a growing recognition that familial bonds often outweigh workplace accomplishments, as he embraced a new job opportunity in his hometown to become a source of support for his loved ones.
UK economy hands Burnham surprise boost before first budget
Naturally Yours founder Vinod C. stresses the importance of paying oneself a modest salary while building a startup. He argues that financial self-punishment is unsustainable and encourages founders to manage personal expenses realistically to avoid burnout and maintain long-term commitment.
Greenlands 1,600-foot ice dome vanished 7,000 years ago when temperatures were several degrees warmer than today. Now, scientists have found the buried evidence beneath Prudhoe Dome. The discovery raises a difficult question about Greenlands future. Similar warmth could return by the end of this century. If that happens, the ancient melt record could offer a rare clue to how quickly Greenlands ice may respond and what it could mean for global sea levels.
Quote of the Day by Christina Aguilera: Christina Aguileras quote, Red lips and fragrance always top off an outfit for me, explores the importance of personal style, beauty, confidence, and self-expression. The quote suggests that makeup and fragrance can be more than simple beauty accessories, as they can add personality, elegance, and a sense of completeness to an outfit. Aguileras words highlight how small details such as a bold red lip and a favorite fragrance can help a person feel polished, confident, and comfortable in their appearance.
India's forex reserves rise $9.9 billion to $716.91 billion on FCA gains
Reserves have risen by nearly $50 billion since the last week of June, while foreign currency assets increased by $7.23 billion and gold reserves gained $2.68 billion
SITA scales Made-in-India airport technology across Asia-Pacific
India is emerging as a strategic centre for aviation technology manufacturing, innovation and delivery across high-growth global markets
Cricket prices have run out of control: Uday Shankar on JioStars sports rights challenge
Govt blames Red Rot, Top Borer disease, waterlogging for sugar price rise
Normally, India has had a surplus of sugar, with 32-34 mmt produced annually, against domestic consumption of around 28-29 mmt
ADB to provide Rs 1,750 crore for development of 500 KPS schools in Karnataka
The Asian Development Bank and Karnataka government on Friday signed an agreement for Rs 1,750 crore in ADB assistance to develop 500 government schools as Karnataka Public Schools by 2029-30. The state will contribute Rs 750 crore, taking the total project outlay to Rs 2,500 crore to upgrade infrastructure and educational facilities.
Press Note 3 easing brings 4,896 cr FDI into India across 29 projects
Investments span sectors including information technology, artificial intelligence, manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, data centres and transport services, government says
In a time before air conditioning, Americans became innovative in their quest to stay cool. Architectural elements like high ceilings and strategically placed windows promoted cross-ventilation. Porches transformed into relaxation spaces, and sleeping porches harnessed the evening breeze. Even fans predated electricity, while ice offered temporary relief. Evaporative cooling and adaptive daily routines emerged as practical strategies to combat the heat.
A thoughtful word can bring great comfort during tough moments. Little acts of kindness can have a far-reaching impact on people's lives. In the hustle of modern communication, we sometimes lose the essence of genuine connection. Nurturing positive relationships is essential for our well-being and joy. It's important not to overlook the significant ripple effect of our kind actions.
Jainendrajeet's academic journey is inspiring. Despite starting with a modest 54% in Class 10 and struggling with mathematics, he rebounded spectacularly by achieving a 99.98 percentile in JEE Main 2023. This exceptional performance earned him an AIR of 349 in JEE Advanced, paving the way for his studies in Computer Science at IIT Bombay. His story illustrates that early challenges do not dictate ultimate success.
IIMR granted desgin patent for automated millet roti-making machine
The innovation aims to make the preparation of millet-based rotis faster, more convenient and accessible for Indian households
RBI Central Board reviews global, domestic risks to economic outlook
The RBI's Central Board also reviewed various areas of the central bank's operations, including the functioning of its committees and the Ombudsman Scheme
India's foreign exchange reserves up almost $50 billion since July
India's foreign exchange reserves rose over $9 billion in the week ending August 14. Foreign currency assets and gold reserves significantly contributed to this overall increase. Banks received substantial funds through special deposit schemes and borrowing measures.
