Gold remains solid at temperatures hotter than the Sun's surface, defying decades of physics theory and shattering established melting limits

Researchers achieved a breakthrough by superheating gold. They raised its temperature to 19,000 kelvins without melting it. This challenges the entropy catastrophe theory. The team used ultrafast X-ray laser pulses. They measured atomic vibrations to determine temperature. This new method helps understand material behavior under extreme conditions. It has implications for materials science and fusion energy research.