The Economic Times

In 1990, New Jersey placed five retired subway cars in a reef about 70 feet underwater; a decade later, they still provided three-dimensional structure

In an innovative move, decommissioned subway cars were submerged off the Jersey Shore, transforming them into artificial reefs. These underwater habitats not only shelter marine life but also enhance biodiversity in the region. Research shows that fish and invertebrates flock to these structures shortly after their installation. However, concerns have emerged regarding potential sinking and contamination, highlighting the complexities of turning waste into environmental assets.