The Economic Times

BSNL turnaround: How a state-owned firm adopting private-sector discipline without sacrificing public purpose

At the centre of BSNL's revival is its indigenous 4G stack - a strategic gamble that placed India among a handful of countries capable of providing end-to-end telecom technology. After years of delay and scepticism, BSNL has now deployed nearly 98,000 4G towers, with a software-upgradable path to 5G. This transition reduces dependence on foreign vendors, enhancing security and resilience in an increasingly fragmented global tech landscape.